Vestnik (series: humanities and social sciences), №3/2024

Mirumyan R. Armenian model of national enlightenment (education and upbringing) as a mechanism for preserving the cultural authenticity of the nation. From the Second Armenian enlightenment (19th century) to the present day (21st century) (political and philosophical aspect).

ABSTRACT. The article presented to the reader’s attention is the third and final article devoted to the issue of the formation and development of the Armenian model of national enlightenment (education and upbringing). The issues raised within the framework of this problematic are considered in the article through the prism of the author's methodological concept of studying the history of Armenian national culture. The author shows the transformations in Armenian pedagogical thought and school-educational affairs, determined by the conditions of national existence specific, analyzing the material covering the period from the 19th century, called by the author “The Century of the Second Armenian Enlightenment”, to the beginning of the 21st century. The semantic core of this article consists of two interrelated ideas: 1. The creative genius of the Armenian people in the 19th–20th centuries once again manifested itself through a powerful rise in national culture, in which the archetypes of national consciousness were organically woven into new forms of cultural creativity of the nation, corresponding to the spirit of the times. 2. Only on the basis of the Armenian national model of education and upbringing can we build the space of life of the Armenian nation in modern conditions.
Keywords:  The Second Century of Armenian Enlightenment, development of Armenology, cultural mission of “Bazmavep”, educational paradigm of Armenian theoretical thought, conservative paradigm of Armenian theoretical thought, ideological struggle “grabar-ashkharabar”, ideological struggle “science-religion”, education of a patriot as the goal of education/upbringing, education of a creative person as the goal of education/upbringing, national education as a precondition for the preservation of the nation, cultural authenticity as the basis of national existence.

Avanesyan M. The energy and transport significance of the “Kurdish corridor” in the geopolitical processes of the greater Middle East region. The Turkish factor in energy and transport projects in the post-conflict phase

ABSTRACT. The article discusses the key issues of the formation of a new energy  transport corridor in the Middle East, the compatibility of Turkey's geoeconomic initiatives in the region. Despite the significant challenges in creating the “Kurdish Corridor”, there is a need to consider the energy potential of Syria and Iraq in post-conflict conditions. Along with this, the influence of TNCs is increasing, partly combined with the geopolitical interests of the Russian Federation, the United States and the EU member states. The constant transformation of Turkey's interests in the region needs to be rethought, the promotion of its own energy transportation initiatives and the expansion of domestic resource needs.
Keywords:  energy security, Turkey, Levantine, Kirkuk, oil and gas energy.

Ter-Vardanyan A. Problems of the origins of democracy: on theoretical analysis of Athenian practice

ABSTRACT. The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of two approaches to the study of the problem of the first democracy. One group of researchers believe that historically the first democracy was established in Athens, while the second argue that democratic practice existed much earlier than the first city-states appeared, thereby speaking out against assigning the Greeks an exclusive right to create democracy. In view of this, the subject of the study is the analysis of these approaches and their connection with each other. The relevance of the work is determined by two main principles. Firstly, it provides an opportunity to bring some clarity to the discourse regarding the problem of the first democracy, since the presented approaches only seem antagonistic on the surface, but as a result of the analysis it becomes obvious, that this is far from the case. And, secondly, the work directly reveals the substantive side of the concept of democracy, which, in turn, is an important point for defining the term “democracy”.
Keywords:   Athenian democracy, first democracy, primal democracy, codecision making, substance of democracy.

Manukyan M. Parliamentarism as a form of representative democracy

ABSTRACT.  In this article, comparing various theories and interpretations that exist in political science and legal literature within the framework of a representative democratic form of parliamentarism, giving his own characteristics of the definition of parliamentarism, emphasizing that the constitutional basis of parliamentarism contains the fundamental principle that power belongs only to the people, the author of the article noted that parliamentarism as a teaching (doctrine) and as an institution, has withstood all the tests of the last century and has proven itself to be stronger than the one that was presented as a replacement. Commenting that in the political systems of the countries of the world, due to the peculiarities of the form of government, modern parliamentarism comes in several varieties, the article not only provides a description of each of them, but rightly concludes that despite the variety of modern varieties of parliamentarism, state practice does not recognize pure models of parliamentarism
Keywords:  parliament, parliamentarism, government, “developed”, “limited”, “imitation”, “rationalized”, “ministerial”, “diluted”, “monistic”, “unfinished”, “relatively pure” parliamentarisms.

Avetisyan D. Problems of criminal liability for crimes with blanket criminal law norms 

ABSTRACT. The article discusses theoretical and practical issues related to the use of blank compositions or blank features by the legislator in establishing criminal liability, as well as their application in the qualification of crimes.  Based on the study of materials of judicial practice, the main causes of qualification errors in the application of norms with blank dispositions are identified, an algorithm for the qualification of crimes related to violations of special rules of conduct is proposed.
Keywords: criminal law, blank standards, criminal liability, qualification of crimes.

Galstyan A., Vardgesyan A.M. Analysis and assessment of the impact of behavioral factors in the banking system (case of RA) 

ABSTRACT. According to the findings of modern researchers, consumer behaviour is not always rational and can depend on many irrational factors, which are called “behavioural factors” or “behavioural biases”. The current article examines the influence of behavioural factors on consumer choice in the banking system of the Republic of Armenia. The authors analyze and evaluate cognitive, emotional and social biases that shape consumers' financial decisions. The study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines concepts from behavioural economics, psychology, and finance to assess the impact of behavioural factors on consumer behaviour in Armenia's banking sector. As a result of the study, key behavioural factors used by Armenian commercial banks to attract customers were identified.
Keywords: behavioural factors, banking system, Armenia.

Yesayan A. Transformation of the financial sector in the era of digital currencies: prospects and implementation models 

ABSTRACT. The digitalization of the economy inevitably impacts the financial sector. Central banks are actively exploring the prospect of implementing a digital national currency. Additionally, there is significant demand for private digital currencies. This article examines several key issues in this context, namely, the transformation of payment organization, the characteristics of existing forms of money, and the specifics of a potential central bank digital currency. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages of existing digital currencies and some models for implementing national forms of digital currencies.
Keywords: digital currency, national digital currency, models of national digital currency implementation.

Sandoyan E., Voskanyan M., Stepanyan I. Problems of time regulation for professorial teaching staff in higher educational institutions: adaptation and implementation in RAU 

ABSTRACT. The authors of the article analyze the problems of regulating the time norms of the teaching staff in higher education institutions, as well as the development of a new approach to regulating the time of the teaching staff for the Russian-Armenian University. In the context of constant changes in educational standards and requirements for the quality of teaching, it is important to ensure an optimal workload for teachers, which will allow them to effectively perform educational, scientific and administrative duties. During the study, existing regulations and methodological recommendations governing the working hours of the teaching staff in Russian and Armenian universities were analyzed. The results of the study can be used not only in RAU, but also in other higher education institutions interested in optimizing the working hours of their teachers and improving the educational process.
Keywords:   timing standards, teaching staff, higher education institutions, workload optimization, regulations.

Polezhayev D. Mental foundations of civic identity: socio-philosophical understanding 

ABSTRACT. The article emphasizes the relevance of the socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of civic identity, since it is aimed at finding the essential foundations and features of the interaction between society and man, including in the space of education and upbringing. The author actualizes the issue of applying the mental approach to understanding identity and comparing the deep-psychic socio-cultural attitudes of mentality and value-semantic concepts / cultural and historical constants that characterize civic identity as a complex and multi-level sociohistorical phenomenon. The author understands civic identity as a “living” phenomenon open to targeted / formative changes. It can also be characterized from the standpoint of mental transformation of social and individual subjects of life in the space of historical temporality
Keywords:  civic identity, education, social philosophy.

Mkrtchyan G. The scientific understanding of Middle Armenian periods (periodical stages) 

ABSTRACT. The author examined the characteristics of the Middle Armenian periods, presenting in detail the non-scientific literature on the issue in Armenian linguistics (A. Bagratuni, G. Hovnanyan, A. Aitnyan, Kh. Abovyan, S. Nazaryan, Y. Karst, L. Mseryants, Hr. Acharyan, G. Sevak, H. Kusikyan) and as well as scientifically known (G. Jahukyan) periodical divisions. Emphasizing the value of the existing divisions, the author noticed that Armenologists dealing with the issue tried to say the final word, but all of them fell into certain extremes. The main aim of all Armenologists has been to make a unified regionalization of the literary-spoken language. According to the author, while making a scientific division of the history of Armenian language, spoken and literary languages should be clearly distinguished from each other. In this case, their chronological boundaries will be clearly determined, which are not so close to each other, as well as not so far, and herby the existing contradictions will be reduced. The author concludes that the spoken Middle Armenian has an earlier origin than the literary version. This phenomenon must be adopted by the newly differentiated division of period. 
Keywords:  Middle Armenian, ancestor's dialect, period, periodical stages, provincial, subperiod, chronology.

Merangulyan I. The author and the main character: narratory organization in “Arsenyev’s life”

ABSTRACT. The article examines the narrative model of broadcasting memories of the collective and individual memory of the main characters as a narrative instance, inseparable from the semantic foundation of the recipient’s text, in relation to which the concept of “memory” actualizes the original function of memories with their focus on overcoming spatio-temporal limitations. Through the study of the narrative organization of the text, the problems of the subjective interpretation of the time continuum as an invariant of focalization through the eyes of different heroes are revealed, building historical milestones through the selective prism of their own experience, deformed and distorted by the integration of nostalgic retrospection into the text, thanks to which the heroes manage to outwit the canonically linear settings of memory through “remembering” reality, which they actually didn’t live through. Analysis of the narrative organization of a composition allows us to study in detail the model of reconstruction of historical events by identifying an intertextual dialogue in which literary phenomena based on precedent acquire symbolic significance for the course of history.
Keywords:   emigrant prose, I. Bunin, narrative organization, ancestral memory, mythologems.

Avakyan M. The fall of the speech culture of the journalistic text: the features of the use of the Russian language in the modern media of Armenia 

ABSTRACT. The present article deals with the problems of modern culture of speech in the frame of journalistic activity in Armenia. The recession of the speech culture in the new information and communication reality is stressed out. The article points out that mass communication is still a rather complicated process and that the media should contribute to the achievement of their direct goals in accordance with certain priorities and needs of the development of society as a whole; the word and the culture of speech in journalism are important indicators of speech culture; the evolution of changes in the mass media and the subject of mass communication in the conditions of the “information society” should be studied, at the same time emphasizing the role of a kind of model of a transnational language, which currently influences the literary norm, language tastes and preferences, and much more.
Keywords:   emigrant prose, I. Bunin, narrative organization, ancestral memory, mythologems.