| Article type | Research article |  |
| Year | 2026 | |
| Author(s) | Amirova R. | |
| Journal title | Vestnik of Russian-Armenian University (series: humanities and social sciences) | |
| Issue | 1 | |
| Pages | 94-118 | |
| Publication format | ||
| DOI | 10.24412/1829-0485-2026-1-94-118 |
ABSTRACT
The article examines the current transformations in educational policy in the United States, Germany, and Southeastern Europe, aimed at developing and replenishing human resources in the context of a global shortage of skilled labor. The analysis focuses on institutional instruments for human capital development: dual and integrated vocational education models, qualification recognition mechanisms, and practices for integrating migrants into national education systems. It is shown that international academic mobility creates an additional labor pool, but its effectiveness is entirely determined by the combination of universities' educational strategies and the migration and visa regimes of host countries. The paper identifies key barriers and incentives affecting the influx and retention of international students, including graduate employment regulations and the characteristics of national labor markets. Particular attention is paid to the potential for applying international models in Armenia. Taking into account demographic trends, labor market structure, and institutional constraints, the potential for adapting individual elements–from the development of dual programs to improving qualification recognition procedures–is assessed. The study's methodological framework includes a systematic review of publications published between 2020 and 2025, a comparative historical analysis, and a review of regulatory documents, statistical materials, and analytical reports from international organizations (OECD, UNESCO, and the World Bank). The results enable the formulation of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of education and migration policies in the context of long-term labor market needs.
Keywords: Armenia, education, migration, labor market, demography, reforms.
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