Vestnik (series: humanities and social sciences), №3/2025

Voskanyan M. , Maslova S., Simonyan R., Stepanyan I., Aghajanyan A. Prerequisites for the development of projects within the framework of public-private partnership in Armenia: economic aspect (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. In the context of the development of the modern global economy, the development of infrastructure of the country becomes a priority from the point of view of sustainable and long-term development. However, as a rule, state budgets are quite limited in funds, which in turn determines the need to attract private capital in the implementation of certain infrastructure projects. In world practice, the most optimal way of developing the country's infrastructure at various levels is the implementation and further development of state-private partnership projects. The article is devoted to assessing the potential of Armenia's economy in the context of the perspective of the application of state-private partnership mechanisms from the point of view of infrastructure development and possible sources of financing of PPP projects in the long term. The article is the part of a broader study on the state of public-private partnership in Armenia, including an overview of the legislation, potential sources of funding for such projects, as well as already implemented PPP projects in the country. Empirical approaches to the application of public-private partnership in the implementation of infrastructure projects served as the methodological basis of the study. The methods of dynamic series analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and synthesis are used in the work. The information base was made up of statistical data on the economy of Armenia, as well as the values of international indexes and ratings. It was revealed that Armenia has a sufficiently large potential from the point of view of the need to apply mechanisms of public-private partnership, as well as a certain potential from the point of view of attracting financial resources to such projects. The result of the study is the conclusion about the need for the development of public-private partnership in Armenia as the most possible source of development of the country's infrastructure in the long term.
Keywords:  state-private partnership, infrastructure, investment, financial system, developing economy, Armenia.

Avetyan A.A., Alekseeva N.S., Khalil M. Strategic development through the creation of new cities: global challenges and solutions for the twenty-first century (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT.  In the 21st century, the construction of new cities is becoming particularly important due to demographic, environmental and economic challenges. Rapid urbanization and population growth are overloading the infrastructure of existing megacities, making it necessary to create modern cities designed with energy efficiency and sustainable development in mind. New urban centers demonstrate the potential of a strategic approach to urban planning, contributing to economic growth and attracting investment. However, there are a number of challenges in implementing such projects. Research shows that most new urban center projects face delays in commissioning, reducing the confidence of potential residents and businesses. Financing problems, low rates of attracting residents and entrepreneurs aggravate the situation, hindering the creation of effective economic zones. This study aims to analyze the experience of building new cities and identify key challenges. The results obtained will help to better understand the processes of modern urbanization and identify ways to address the challenges associated with the development of new urban centers. 
Keywords: new cities, smart cities, investments, concept, sustainable development.

Galstyan A., Harutyunyan A., Torosyan K. The impact of traditional and renewable energy sources on the economy: a cross-country analysis (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. In the modern world, the importance of the energy sector for economic growth and development is receiving increasing attention from science and public policy. Although traditional energy sources were the foundation for the industrialization of the economy for many decades, sustainable development and the green economy are now considered a priority. The current article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the impact of traditional and renewable energy sources on economic development in the context of sustainable growth using the example of 15 countries. The main objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of traditional energy sources and renewable energy on the economy. The methodology of the study includes cross-country statistical analysis and econometric analysis. Within the framework of this study, three panel regression models were developed to assess the impact in the following areas: Model 1 – The impact of consumption of different energy sources on GDP; Model 2 – The impact of electricity generation by type on GDP; Model 3 – The
impact of energy intensity on GDP. The study results show that at the current stage, renewable energy sources (RES) do not have a significant positive impact on the country's GDP, and traditional sources still play a significant role. At the same time, there is excellent potential for RES as a factor in sustainable economic growth in the long term in the context of the transition to a green economy. The findings can be used in the development of energy strategies by governments, as well as for the development of investment strategies by various organizations.
Keywords:  Energy sources, green economy, sustainable growth, economic developmen.

Abramyan V., Arutyunyan A. Strategic transformation of business models in Armenia-China economic cooperation (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. In the context of global turbulence and the digital transformation of international relations, the strategic transformation of business models acquires particular importance for small states seeking sustainable economic positioning. This article examines institutional, digital, and co-evolutionary aspects of the development of Armenia–China economic cooperation, with a focus on the shift from transactional models to platform-based ecosystem forms of interaction. Based on an analysis of the current state of bilateral relations and global trends in business model transformation, the authors propose a novel concept of a coupled cooperation architecture, incorporating principles of digital integration, institutional flexibility, and project sustainability. The article presents typologies of current and prospective models, along
with recommendations for the development of digital platforms, strategic development centers, and ESG compliance mechanisms. The scientific novelty lies in a multi-level approach to rethinking the business model as a tool for the co-evolutionary development of partnerships under conditions of asymmetry and instability.
Keywords:  Armenia-China cooperation, business model, strategic transformation, digital platform, institutional.

Petrosyan G. Impact of recent geopolitical shocks on potential growth in Armenia and other countries in the region (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. This study examines the effects of recent geopolitical shocks on the potential economic growth and structural adjustments in Armenia and selected countries in the South Caucasus and Central Asia. It employs a comparative methodology using the Hodrick–Prescott filter to estimate potential GDP and output gaps, distinguishing cyclical fluctuations from structural economic changes. The research discusses various transmission channels including trade flows, financial sector developments, and migration dynamics. The analysis identifies significant short-term growth enhancements in Armenia and, to a lesser extent, Georgia, with some positive effects on potential growth rates and also highlights the structural limitations of other countries. The findings emphasize the importance of institutional readiness and policy reforms to sustain short-term high growth gains and to convert temporary economic boosts into durable structural improvements..
Keywords:  potential GDP, output gap, geopolitical shocks, structural changes, Armenia, economic growth. 

Davtyan V. The Chinese vector in the formation of Russian foreign energy policy: towards asia-centric energy order (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. Russian-Chinese energy dialogue continues to play an important role in the formation of the international energy architecture. At the same time, energy ties between Moscow and Beijing are not anchored solely on the economic component. They are characterized by geopolitical content and are aimed at reshaping the global energy market, making it more “Asia-centric”. The outbreak of special military operation in Ukraine gave a new impetus to Russian-Chinese energy cooperation, which was reflected in an increase in natural gas supplies, as well as negotiations on the construction of the “Power of Siberia-2 gas” pipeline. In Russia's strategic documents, the Chinese direction is considered as a key one with the aim of diversifying foreign energy policy. On the other hand, focusing on the China creates some problems for Moscow, the main one of which is increasing dependence on the Chinese economy.
Keywords: China, Russia, Energy, Security, Asia-Centric, Gas, Oil, Geoeconomy.

Karamyan I. The Republic of Armenia's state apparatus's digitalization: existing situation, obstacles, and future opportunities (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. The article examines the key aspects of digital transformation in public administration, considers both the theoretical foundations of digitalization of the state apparatus and practical international experience, with a specific focus on the analysis of the current situation in the Republic of Armenia. The role of information technologies in increasing the efficiency of public administration is analyzed. The problems of digitalization of the state apparatus of the Republic of Armenia at the present stage are identified. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the problem, the article uses an analysis of regulatory and program documents.
Keywords: information and communication technologies, information society, e-government, digitalization, management.

Mezhlumyan M., Khachaturian N. The Armenian-Czech “cross-cultural” phenomenon of “Marlenka” (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. TThe Armenian community in the Czech Republic began to form mor visibly and gain significance in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, particularly in the early 1990s. Prior to this period, the presence of the Armenians in the Czech lands was negligible but historically recorded. The Armenian community in the Czech Republic is a relatively new diaspora that is currently undergoing a process of diasporization and transformation. In this kind of dynamical processes, the key figures of the community are best outlined. Due to their activities and dispositions, they have a significant impact on community and identity formation in ethnically and religiously diverse environments. It was precisely in this context that Gevorg Avetisjan a world famous Czech enterpreneur by Armenian origin, that became well known as the founder of internationally popular confectionary company Marlenka, is widely recognized as the most prominent representative of the Armenian community in the Czech Republic and as one of the country‘s leading entrepreneurs. The article presents the phenomenon of Gevorg Avetisyan as a social actor both within the frame of the Armenian community and in the entire Czech society, whose entrepreneurial activity corresponds to the dominant values of the society in which he actively functions and the community, on the development of which he actively influences.
Keywords: enterpreneur, Armenian diaspora, Czech Republic, “Marlenka”, social actor, heritage.

Chplakhyan M. The hypothesis of human beings existence before Adam: analysis of verse 30 in the Al-Baqarah surah of the Quran (PDF) 📥 

ABSTRACT. The conducted research provides a critical examination and exploration of questions surrounding the creation of the first human in the Quran. The analysis of the 30th verse of the Al-Baqarah surah suggests the hypothesis of a pre-human existence before Adam, based on linguistic and semantic analyses of the verse 
Keywords: Quran, verse, Adam, caliph, pre-human.

Tigranyan S. Critique of the Fatimid caliphs’ rule and the reflection of religious doctrines in Ibn Taymiyyah's teachings (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT. Criticism of the policies of the Fatimid caliphs and a number of theological issues by the prominent representative of the Hanbali religious and legal school Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328) is part of his relentless struggle against dangerous innovations in Islam. This study discusses the appointment of Armenian viziers by the Fatimid caliphs, the construction of shrines and their worship, the infallibility of the caliphs, and the attribution of divine nature.
Keywords: Ibn Taymiyya, Fatimid caliphate, innovations.

Berberyan A., Kazaryan A. Interrelation between emotional intelligence and socio-psychological adaptation in adolescents (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT.  This article examines the relationship between the level of emotional intelligence and the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents. Emotional intelligence, as the ability to understand, regulate, and utilize emotions, plays a key role in shaping interpersonal relations and adapting to the environment. Issues of sociopsychological adaptation have been addressed by authors such as N. Melnikova, A. Osnitsky, P. Fedorova, A. Zhmyrikov, A. Mudrik, and so on. According to A. Mudrik, adaptation represents a stable pattern of behavior under specific conditions and circumstances. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between the level of emotional intelligence and the socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents. The empirical study involved adolescents who migrated from Artsakh and adolescents from the Republic of Armenia. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, empirical methods, including the SPA methodology by Rogers-Diamond, the “Emotional Intelligence” methodology by Lyusin, and the “Self-Attitude” questionnaire by V. Stolin and S. Pantileev.
The results of the empirical study reveal levels of emotional intelligence, sociopsychological adaptation, and self-attitude, as well as correlation coefficients between them, which represent the practical significance of this study.
Keywords: emotional intelligence, socio-psychological adaptation, selfattitude, adolescents.

Gasparyan S., Minasyan N. The concept of Genocide as used in mass media pertaining to the Nagorno-Karabakh problem: a pragma-cognitive perspective (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT.  In the paradigm of socio-political developments and dynamics of the modern world, socio-political communication mainly takes place in the domain of media discourse, elevating media to a state of heightened import. Moreover, today the media has become a platform for the realization of political discourse, so although media and politics are defined as separate disciplines, their integrated existence is an established fact. Analysts and journalists often elucidate ‘top events’ on the platforms of media, which shed light on the understanding of political processes and principles. One of these pressing issues is the problem of Nagorno-Karabakh, relevant not only to the Karabakh people themselves and the Armenian society as a whole, but also to the international community. The present work is devoted to the study of the concept of “Genocide” in English-language media texts regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh problem as viewed from a pragma-cognitive standpoint. This approach makes it possible to decipher the cognitive aspect of “genocide-in-context” and thus to identify the kernel and the nexus of both language production and comprehension.
Keywords: Nagorno-Karabakh, blockade, genocide, concept, media, pragmacognitive approach, addresser, addressee, production, comprehension.

Madatyan L. A cognitive analysis of British and Armenian folktale formulas  (PDF) 📥

ABSTRACT.  This study examines folktale formulas in British and Armenian tales, employing comparative-historical, cognitive, contextual, and analytical methods. It focuses on how opening, intermediate, and closing formulas structure the narrative, ensuring coherence and guiding the listener’s or reader’s emotional engagement. In the study, these formulas are regarded as cognitive patterns that go beyond mere morphological elements of the folktale genre. Opening formulas function as narrative devices that transport the reader to a distant past, presenting a tale authenticity of which is left to the reader’s interpretation. Intermediate formulas create a sense of uncertainty and serve as connectors between episodes. Closing formulas, in turn, serve as a transition that guides the reader back to reality from an imaginary time and space zone. Moreover, numerical indicators within formulas highlight the cultural and symbolic significance embedded in the narratives, offering insight into both universal storytelling elements and distinct cultural layers. The recurrence of these formulas across cultures suggests their deep-rooted cognitive and structural significance in oral storytelling traditions. By analyzing how these formulas function and vary between the two traditions, this study demonstrates that folktales across different cultures follow shared cognitive patterns in constructing meaning and engaging listeners and readers
Keywords: cognitive patterns, folktale formulas, uncertainty, background knowledge, folktale, indefinite time.